Combination of GIS and Multivariate Analysis to Assess the Soil Heavy Metal Contamination in Some Arid Zones

Recent decades have witnessed a danger to food security as well human health because of pollutants’ negative impact on crop quality. An accurate estimate the heavy metal concentrations in Egypt’s north Nile Delta is required lower high concentration levels soil means develop remediation strategy that stabilizes metals contaminated soil. Using geo-accumulation index (I-geo), contamination factor (CF), Improved Nemerow’s Pollution Index (Pn), and Potential Ecological Risk (PERI), supported by GIS; principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis, six (As, Co, Cu, Ni, V, Zn) were analyzed from 15 profile layers (61 samples) determine extent area studied. The findings demonstrate widespread I-geo As, Zn different layers. ranges for values ?8.2 5.3; 4.11 1.8; 6.4 1.9; ?9.7 2.8; ?6.3 2.9; ?12.5 2.4 Zn, respectively. categorization therefore ranged uncontaminated strongly/extremely contaminated. CF varied 0.01 60.6; 0.09 5.17; 0.02 10.51; 0 7.12; 7.68 In decreasing sequence, CFs are arranged follows: (As), (Ni), (Zn), (V), (Cu), (Co). Most research region (71.9%) consisted class moderately heavily polluted areas. Additionally, large portion study (49.17%) has very risk contamination, per results PERI index. use correlation matrix, analysis(PCA) evaluate variability soil’s chemical content revealed anthropogenic activities area’s current reflect poor quality management region, which led increase Decision-makers could outcomes spatial distribution maps contaminants their basis creating mitigation strategies.